[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-strapi-article:zh:scraping-cookie-ua-tls-proxy":3,"blog-article:\u002Fblog\u002Fscraping-cookie-ua-tls-proxy":974,"blog-related:\u002Fblog\u002Fscraping-cookie-ua-tls-proxy":975,"blog-translations:\u002Fblog\u002Fscraping-cookie-ua-tls-proxy":976},{"available":4,"article":5,"relatedArticles":206,"translations":838},true,{"source":6,"id":7,"documentId":8,"translationKey":8,"locale":9,"slug":10,"path":11,"_path":11,"title":12,"description":13,"excerpt":13,"image":14,"publishedAt":15,"updatedAt":16,"author":17,"tags":18,"featured":19,"sortOrder":20,"readingTime":21,"bodyType":22,"bodyBlocks":23,"bodyHtml":205},"strapi",2479,"qxldofnpujtfm3p16qabnlez","zh","scraping-cookie-ua-tls-proxy","\u002Fblog\u002Fscraping-cookie-ua-tls-proxy","高频采集时 Cookie、UA、TLS 和代理 IP 的配合","高频采集应先定义会话边界，再协调 Cookie、UA、TLS 客户端栈和代理 IP 生命周期，并用单变量实验定位 403、429、验证码等异常。","https:\u002F\u002Fcms.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fuploads\u002Flarge_cookie_ua_tls_cover_f4d8801a69.webp","2026-09-03T03:44:48.622Z","2026-09-03T03:44:48.606Z","Global Proxies Team",[],false,0,3,"blocks",[24,30,36,41,45,49,53,57,61,65,69,73,77,81,85,89,93,97,101,105,109,113,117,121,125,129,133,137,141,145,149,153,157,161,165,169,173,177,181,185,189,193,197,201],{"type":25,"children":26},"paragraph",[27],{"text":28,"type":29},"高频采集（爬虫）时，Cookie、UA、TLS 和代理 IP 不应分别随机变化。先定义“一次会话从哪里开始、到哪里结束”，再让同一会话中的登录状态、客户端声明、实际客户端栈和网络出口保持可解释的一致。爬虫代理 IP 只改变网络出口，不能代替账号权限、请求节奏、Cookie 管理或目标站合规检查。","text",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":33},"heading",2,[34],{"text":35,"type":29},"先确定 Cookie、UA、TLS 与代理在会话中的配合方式",{"type":37,"children":38},"code",[39],{"text":40,"type":29},"| 变量 | 主要由谁决定 | 同一会话中是否适合频繁变化 | 变化后应做什么 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Cookie | 网站和会话状态 | 不适合 | 新建会话或重新获取合法状态 |\n| UA | 客户端请求头 | 不适合随机变化 | 与实际浏览器\u002F库版本保持一致 |\n| TLS 特征 | 浏览器、HTTP 库和底层网络栈 | 通常不应临时伪造 | 更换客户端时视为新环境 |\n| 代理 IP | 网络出口 | 取决于任务 | 换国家\u002F城市时同步重建地区状态 |",{"type":25,"children":42},[43],{"text":44,"type":29},"UA 只是客户端声明。把 Python HTTP 库的 UA 改成 Chrome，不会让它自动拥有 Chrome 的 TLS 特征，也不会执行浏览器 JavaScript。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":46},[47],{"text":48,"type":29},"爬虫代理 IP 用于公开页面采集：按请求或小批次轮换",{"type":25,"children":50},[51],{"text":52,"type":29},"独立页面采样可以按请求或小批次轮换动态住宅代理 IP，但仍要遵守目标站访问频率和公开数据边界。",{"type":25,"children":54},[55],{"text":56,"type":29},"推荐做法：",{"type":25,"children":58},[59],{"text":60,"type":29},"1. 一个工作进程固定客户端版本和 UA，不在每次请求随机变化。\n2. 无需 Cookie 的页面不要人为制造大量无意义 Cookie。\n3. 按国家、城市和任务批次分组轮换代理 IP。\n4. 重试先保持请求参数不变，设置退避和次数上限。\n5. 换出口后记录新的会话 ID，避免把前后结果混成同一会话。",{"type":25,"children":62},[63],{"text":64,"type":29},"需要通过 API 获取多地区代理 IP 时，可对照[动态住宅 IP API 提取教程](https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fdocs\u002FGet-Proxy\u002FDynamic-flow-api-ip)确认参数和返回格式。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":66},[67],{"text":68,"type":29},"连续翻页和多步流程：保持会话状态与代理 IP 一致",{"type":25,"children":70},[71],{"text":72,"type":29},"多步流程要求状态连续，代理 IP 的粘性时长应覆盖完整路径，而不是每页切换。Cookie、地区、语言、货币和出口要在同一会话中保持一致。",{"type":25,"children":74},[75],{"text":76,"type":29},"```text\nsession_id = 站点 + 地区 + 任务批次 + 账号\u002F匿名会话\n```",{"type":25,"children":78},[79],{"text":80,"type":29},"会话结束后再轮换出口。若中途换国家或城市，应同步创建新 Cookie 会话，并重新确认页面语言、货币和目标站识别地区。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":82},[83],{"text":84,"type":29},"登录态任务：优先保持稳定出口和一致环境",{"type":25,"children":86},[87],{"text":88,"type":29},"登录态任务更依赖稳定出口和一致环境，应优先评估静态住宅代理 IP，而不是依靠动态住宅代理 IP 长时间保持同一出口。高风控账号可进一步评估原生静态住宅代理 IP，但任何方案都不能替代账号资料、设备环境和正常操作节奏。",{"type":25,"children":90},[91],{"text":92,"type":29},"不建议把同一个账号 Cookie 同时分发到多个国家、多个出口和多个客户端栈。已出现异常的账号也不应反复登录测试。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":94},[95],{"text":96,"type":29},"四种容易同时触发 403、429 或验证码的配置组合",{"type":37,"children":98},[99],{"text":100,"type":29},"| 错误组合 | 为什么难以解释 | 修改方法 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 同一 Cookie 每个请求换国家 | 会话地区持续跳变 | 按地区创建独立会话 |\n| UA 每次随机，TLS 栈不变 | 客户端声明与实际能力矛盾 | 一个客户端版本使用稳定 UA |\n| 出口不变，Cookie 和 UA 不断变化 | 无法判断是会话还是请求特征导致异常 | 一次只改一个变量 |\n| 失败重试同时换 Cookie、UA 和代理 IP | 结果恢复也无法归因 | 保持会话，先退避，再按顺序测试 |",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":102},[103],{"text":104,"type":29},"用单变量实验定位 403、429 和验证码",{"type":25,"children":106},[107],{"text":108,"type":29},"先固定目标 URL、账号、Cookie、客户端版本、UA、代理 IP 和时间窗口，建立基线。之后按顺序只改一项：",{"type":25,"children":110},[111],{"text":112,"type":29},"1. 降低并发、延长请求间隔；\n2. 使用新建但同地区的合法会话；\n3. 保持出口不变，更换客户端运行方式；\n4. 保持其他变量不变，更换同地区代理 IP；\n5. 完成前述对照后，再改变国家或城市，并同步重建会话。",{"type":37,"children":114},[115],{"text":116,"type":29},"| 结果 | 更可能的问题 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 降频后恢复 | 请求频率、账号或接口配额 |\n| 新会话恢复 | Cookie 或会话状态 |\n| 浏览器恢复、HTTP 库仍异常 | JavaScript、TLS 或客户端能力差异 |\n| 少数出口持续失败 | 出口质量或地区识别 |\n| 所有环境均失败 | 权限、账号状态或目标站规则 |",{"type":25,"children":118},[119],{"text":120,"type":29},"403 不等同于 429。429 通常应先读取限流提示并降频；403 还可能与权限、账号、地区或目标站访问策略有关。不要通过无限重试或持续换代理 IP 处理明确的权限提示。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":122},[123],{"text":124,"type":29},"按会话记录 Cookie、UA、TLS 与代理变化",{"type":25,"children":126},[127],{"text":128,"type":29},"```text\ntime | session_id | account_id | client_version\nuser_agent | cookie_digest | proxy_ip | country\u002Fcity\nstatus | captcha | latency_ms | retry_count | changed_variable\n```",{"type":25,"children":130},[131],{"text":132,"type":29},"Cookie 只保存摘要或状态标记，不记录完整敏感值。TLS 可记录客户端库、浏览器版本和协议协商结果，不需要尝试伪造无法验证的“指纹分数”。",{"type":25,"children":134},[135],{"text":136,"type":29},"分析时按会话 ID 聚合成功、空结果、403、429、验证码和网络失败。若把这些结果合并成一个“失败率”，后续无法决定应降频、换会话还是检查出口。",{"type":25,"children":138},[139],{"text":140,"type":29},"实际记录时，可以把一次“打开列表页、进入详情页、提交下一页”的完整路径定义为一个会话，并为每一步保存开始时间和结果。这样能看出问题是在换页时丢 Cookie，还是在请求节奏变快后才出现 429。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":142},[143],{"text":144,"type":29},"哪些情况应暂停采集并停止重试",{"type":25,"children":146},[147],{"text":148,"type":29},"只采集公开或获授权数据，遵守目标站条款、robots、官方 API 配额和访问频率。出现明确权限提示、账号异常或达到重试上限时暂停任务；代理 IP 不改变访问权限，也不能保证业务成功率。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":150},[151],{"text":152,"type":29},"用脱敏复测数据验证变量配合结果",{"type":25,"children":154},[155],{"text":156,"type":29},"以下为脱敏记录示例（目标站、IP 与账号已隐去，数字为示例、非 SLA）：固定浏览器版本、UA、Cookie 和 10 秒间隔，各跑 30 次；仅轮换出口时业务成功 27\u002F30，随机同时改变 UA 与 Cookie 时为 19\u002F30，TLS 客户端栈保持不变后回升至 26\u002F30。该观察只说明变量耦合会影响归因。",{"type":25,"children":158},[159],{"text":160,"type":29},"Cookie 语义可核对 [RFC 6265](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rfc-editor.org\u002Frfc\u002Frfc6265.html)，HTTP 字段语义可核对 [RFC 9110](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rfc-editor.org\u002Frfc\u002Frfc9110.html)；间隔、样本量和单变量顺序是经验设计。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":162},[163],{"text":164,"type":29},"FAQ",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":166},[167],{"text":168,"type":29},"UA 可以每次请求都随机更换吗？",{"type":25,"children":170},[171],{"text":172,"type":29},"不建议。同一会话保持与实际客户端一致的 UA，更容易解释问题，也避免出现声明与客户端能力矛盾。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":174},[175],{"text":176,"type":29},"TLS 特征由代理 IP 决定吗？",{"type":25,"children":178},[179],{"text":180,"type":29},"通常不是，主要由浏览器、HTTP 库和底层网络栈决定。代理 IP 负责网络出口。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":182},[183],{"text":184,"type":29},"Cookie 必须永久绑定一个代理 IP 吗？",{"type":25,"children":186},[187],{"text":188,"type":29},"不是永久绑定，但连续会话中不应无计划地频繁切换国家和出口。会话结束后可以按任务创建新环境。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":190},[191],{"text":192,"type":29},"高频采集只增加代理 IP 就够了吗？",{"type":25,"children":194},[195],{"text":196,"type":29},"不够。还要控制访问频率、会话状态、客户端一致性、失败重试和数据质量。",{"type":25,"children":198},[199],{"text":200,"type":29},"---",{"type":25,"children":202},[203],{"text":204,"type":29},"需要多地区公开采样时，可进一步评估[动态住宅代理 IP](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fproduct\u002Fdynamic-residential)。","",[207,398,606],{"source":6,"id":208,"documentId":209,"translationKey":209,"locale":9,"slug":210,"path":211,"_path":211,"title":212,"description":213,"excerpt":213,"image":214,"publishedAt":215,"updatedAt":216,"author":17,"tags":217,"featured":19,"sortOrder":20,"readingTime":21,"bodyType":22,"bodyBlocks":218,"bodyHtml":205},2485,"cjleh5o0nn3oys8ogpozjjym","price-residential-proxy-settings","\u002Fblog\u002Fprice-residential-proxy-settings","价格监控用住宅代理 IP 怎么设置轮换和粘性？","按业务路径 P95 设粘性时长、限流先降频、切国家同步换 Cookie，避免把页面参数差异误判为出口问题","https:\u002F\u002Fcms.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fuploads\u002Flarge_E4_BB_B7_E6_A0_BC_E7_9_B_91_E6_8_E_A7_E7_94_A8_E4_BD_8_F_E5_AE_85_E4_BB_A3_E7_90_86_E6_80_8_E_E4_B9_88_E8_AE_BE_E7_BD_AE_E8_BD_AE_E6_8_D_A2_E5_92_8_C_E7_B2_98_E6_80_A7_cover_0b9068f488.webp","2026-09-03T03:46:36.846Z","2026-09-03T03:46:36.834Z",[],[219,223,227,231,235,239,243,247,251,255,259,263,267,271,275,279,283,287,291,295,299,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,359,363,367,371,375,379,383,387,391,394],{"type":25,"children":220},[221],{"text":222,"type":29},"价格监控不是“请求越多越该频繁换 IP”。公开列表页或彼此独立的商品详情可以按请求或任务批次轮换；从商品详情进入购物车、配送地区、税费和结算展示的连续流程，应在同一短会话内保持代理出口、Cookie、地区和货币一致。粘性时长以完成一条业务路径的实际 P95 耗时加安全余量为起点，不使用一个适用于所有网站的通用分钟数。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":224},[225],{"text":226,"type":29},"按列表、详情和购物车阶段设置轮换策略",{"type":37,"children":228},[229],{"text":230,"type":29},"| 页面阶段 | 推荐策略 | 原因 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 搜索或分类列表 | 按请求或小批次轮换 | 页面之间通常相互独立 |\n| 单个商品详情 | 同一次解析保持同一出口 | 避免主页面与异步价格接口地区不一致 |\n| 购物车 | 保持短期粘性 | Cookie、库存和地区开始形成连续状态 |\n| 配送、税费、结算展示 | 整条路径保持同一会话 | 中途切换可能重置地区、货币或购物车 |\n| 下一商品或下一地区任务 | 结束旧会话后再轮换 | 防止状态串到新样本 |",{"type":25,"children":232},[233],{"text":234,"type":29},"一个任务如果只采公开列表价，可以把“商品×地区×时间窗口”作为独立采样单位；如果需要最终展示价，则应把“详情→购物车→配送地区→结算展示”视为一个不可拆的会话。",{"type":25,"children":236},[237],{"text":238,"type":29},"代理协议、主机、端口和认证字段可先按[代理设置帮助](https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fdocs\u002Fproxy-Settings)完成基础核验。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":240},[241],{"text":242,"type":29},"根据完整业务路径耗时设置粘性时长",{"type":25,"children":244},[245],{"text":246,"type":29},"先在不并发的条件下运行一批完整流程，记录每条路径从打开详情页到拿到最终价格的耗时。计算 P95 后再加安全余量：",{"type":25,"children":248},[249],{"text":250,"type":29},"```text\n建议粘性时长 = 完整业务路径 P95 耗时 × 安全系数\n```",{"type":25,"children":252},[253],{"text":254,"type":29},"例如路径 P95 为 80 秒，安全系数取 1.5，则初始值可设为 120 秒，再通过失败率和会话中断率调整。这个数字只是该站点、该流程和当前网络条件下的起始值，不是产品承诺。动态住宅代理 IP 的实际在线时长可能与设置值存在差异；粘性要求越长，可用代理 IP 数量通常越少。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":256},[257],{"text":258,"type":29},"用站点、地区和会话生成轮换键",{"type":25,"children":260},[261],{"text":262,"type":29},"建议使用下列绑定关系：",{"type":25,"children":264},[265],{"text":266,"type":29},"```text\nsession_key = 站点 + 国家\u002F城市 + 货币 + 账号\u002F匿名会话 + 任务批次\n```",{"type":25,"children":268},[269],{"text":270,"type":29},"同一个 `session_key` 在完成业务路径前复用同一代理出口和 Cookie。更换国家、城市、货币或任务批次时创建新会话，不要只换代理 IP 却继续复用旧 Cookie。",{"type":25,"children":272},[273],{"text":274,"type":29},"如果目标站允许直接通过 URL、请求参数或官方接口指定地区，应把这些参数与代理 IP 地区保持一致，避免把页面参数造成的差异误判为出口问题。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":276},[277],{"text":278,"type":29},"失败重试先保持会话，再判断是否换出口",{"type":25,"children":280},[281],{"text":282,"type":29},"第一次网络超时或临时 5xx 可以在同一会话内有限重试，避免购物车和地区状态丢失。出现下列情况时再分支：",{"type":37,"children":284},[285],{"text":286,"type":29},"| 现象 | 是否立即换代理 IP | 处理动作 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 单次超时或临时 5xx | 否 | 同会话退避重试，设置次数上限 |\n| 429 | 否 | 读取限流信息，先降频和延长间隔 |\n| 购物车被清空、地区跳回 | 否 | 查 Cookie、地区参数和会话是否中断 |\n| 只有少数出口重复失败 | 可以评估 | 保持其他变量不变，更换同地区出口复测 |\n| 账号或权限提示 | 否 | 处理账号或平台提示 |\n| 粘性会话提前中断 | 先记录 | 缩短单条路径、减少并发或重新评估方案 |",{"type":25,"children":288},[289],{"text":290,"type":29},"不要在一次失败后同时更换代理 IP、Cookie、UA、地区和货币，否则无法知道是哪项导致结果变化。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":292},[293],{"text":294,"type":29},"价格结果必须记录哪些字段",{"type":25,"children":296},[297],{"text":298,"type":29},"至少记录：",{"type":300,"format":301,"children":302},"list","unordered",[303,308,312,316,320,324],{"type":304,"children":305},"list-item",[306],{"text":307,"type":29},"站点、商品 ID、页面 URL 和页面阶段；",{"type":304,"children":309},[310],{"text":311,"type":29},"国家、城市、邮编或配送地区；",{"type":304,"children":313},[314],{"text":315,"type":29},"页面语言、货币和登录状态；",{"type":304,"children":317},[318],{"text":319,"type":29},"会话 ID、脱敏后的代理标识与出口 IP；",{"type":304,"children":321},[322],{"text":323,"type":29},"抓取时间、原价、促销价、会员价、税费、运费和最终展示价；",{"type":304,"children":325},[326],{"text":327,"type":29},"状态码、验证码、空结果或重定向情况。",{"type":25,"children":329},[330],{"text":331,"type":29},"如果只保存一个“价格”字段，后续无法判断差异来自促销、税费、配送、会员状态还是地区定价。",{"type":25,"children":333},[334],{"text":335,"type":29},"例如一次采样可以记录“列表页发现商品→详情页读取原价→购物车确认配送费”三个时间点，并为同一条路径使用同一个会话 ID。后续价格变化时，才能判断是页面阶段不同，还是地区和会话真的发生了变化。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":337},[338],{"text":339,"type":29},"通过重复采样验证价格差异是否真实",{"type":25,"children":341},[342],{"text":343,"type":29},"同一商品、同一地区至少在多个时间窗口重复采样，并设置一个基准市场。比较时保持页面阶段、登录状态、货币和 Cookie 策略一致。",{"type":37,"children":345},[346],{"text":347,"type":29},"| 结果 | 更可能的原因 | 下一步 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 同出口、同会话连续跳价 | 促销、缓存、A\u002FB 测试或库存变化 | 增加重复样本，保存页面阶段和时间 |\n| 换国家后语言和货币变化 | 地区策略可能生效 | 再核对配送与税费字段 |\n| 出口地区正确但价格不变 | 目标站可能不按该地区定价 | 检查 Cookie、账号和页面参数 |\n| 只有购物车阶段失败 | 会话连续性或地区参数问题 | 保持短期粘性并逐步复测 |",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":349},[350],{"text":351,"type":29},"如何选择代理 IP 类型",{"type":25,"children":353},[354],{"text":355,"type":29},"多地区公开价格采样通常先评估动态住宅代理 IP；需要较长的登录态、购物车或后台操作时，应先看任务是否更适合静态住宅代理 IP。选择前重点确认地区覆盖、目标站识别、粘性能力、并发、计费方式和失败重试成本，不把代理 IP 当成价格一致性的保证。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":357},[358],{"text":164,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":21,"children":360},[361],{"text":362,"type":29},"粘性时间越长越好吗？",{"type":25,"children":364},[365],{"text":366,"type":29},"不是。时长只需覆盖完整业务路径并留出合理余量；过长会减少可用代理 IP 数量，也会降低任务调度灵活性。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":368},[369],{"text":370,"type":29},"价格不同一定是代理 IP 导致的吗？",{"type":25,"children":372},[373],{"text":374,"type":29},"不一定。Cookie、账号、货币、配送地址、促销、库存和 A\u002FB 测试都可能改变价格。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":376},[377],{"text":378,"type":29},"同一商品要重复采样吗？",{"type":25,"children":380},[381],{"text":382,"type":29},"建议重复采样，并记录相同字段。单次结果不足以区分短时促销、缓存和稳定地区差异。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":384},[385],{"text":386,"type":29},"动态住宅代理 IP 能保证保持到设定时间吗？",{"type":25,"children":388},[389],{"text":390,"type":29},"不能保证完全一致。应按实测会话中断率设置任务长度和重试方案，必要时缩短单条路径。",{"type":25,"children":392},[393],{"text":200,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":395},[396],{"text":397,"type":29},"完成小样本验证后，可查看[动态住宅代理 IP](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fproduct\u002Fdynamic-residential)并按当前业务路径评估轮换方案。",{"source":6,"id":399,"documentId":400,"translationKey":400,"locale":9,"slug":401,"path":402,"_path":402,"title":403,"description":404,"excerpt":404,"image":405,"publishedAt":406,"updatedAt":407,"author":17,"tags":408,"featured":19,"sortOrder":20,"readingTime":21,"bodyType":22,"bodyBlocks":409,"bodyHtml":205},2484,"e8solm25h3e0r6jbsq1peuf9","crawler-429-too-many-requests-proxy","\u002Fblog\u002Fcrawler-429-too-many-requests-proxy","爬虫 429 Too Many Requests：判断频率还是代理 IP 池","爬虫遇到 429 Too Many Requests 时，先固定账号和代理出口做降频实验，再以低频基线更换代理 IP，区分频率、配额和代理 IP 池问题。","https:\u002F\u002Fcms.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fuploads\u002Flarge_429_too_many_requests_cover_978d5b6a35.webp","2026-09-03T03:46:20.903Z","2026-09-03T03:46:20.890Z",[],[410,414,418,422,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488,492,496,500,504,508,512,516,520,524,528,532,536,540,544,548,552,556,560,564,567,571,575,579,583,587,591,595,599,602],{"type":25,"children":411},[412],{"text":413,"type":29},"遇到 429，先固定账号、URL、Header、Cookie 和代理 IP，只降低并发、延长请求间隔并遵守 `Retry-After`；如果 429 稳定下降，优先处理频率或账号\u002FAPI 配额。只有在低频基线下，错误仍稳定集中于少数出口，才继续检查代理 IP 池质量、地区识别或出口复用。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":415},[416],{"text":417,"type":29},"先保存 429 的完整证据",{"type":25,"children":419},[420],{"text":421,"type":29},"429 表示请求过多，但限制维度可能是账号、API 密钥、接口、IP、设备或多项组合。保存：",{"type":300,"format":301,"children":423},[424,428,432,436,440,444,448],{"type":304,"children":425},[426],{"text":427,"type":29},"状态码与响应体摘要；",{"type":304,"children":429},[430],{"text":431,"type":29},"`Retry-After` 和其他限流响应头；",{"type":304,"children":433},[434],{"text":435,"type":29},"账号\u002FAPI 密钥的脱敏标识；",{"type":304,"children":437},[438],{"text":439,"type":29},"URL、接口、请求方法和参数摘要；",{"type":304,"children":441},[442],{"text":443,"type":29},"并发数、请求间隔、时间窗口；",{"type":304,"children":445},[446],{"text":447,"type":29},"代理出口 IP、国家\u002F城市；",{"type":304,"children":449},[450],{"text":451,"type":29},"请求总数、成功数、429 数量和耗时。",{"type":25,"children":453},[454],{"text":455,"type":29},"如果响应中包含 `X-RateLimit-Limit`、`X-RateLimit-Remaining` 或 `X-RateLimit-Reset` 等字段，也应一并保存；这些字段有助于判断限制是按账号、接口还是时间窗口计算。",{"type":25,"children":457},[458],{"text":459,"type":29},"HTTP 429 与 `Retry-After` 的语义可参考 [RFC 6585 第 4 节](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rfc-editor.org\u002Frfc\u002Frfc6585#section-4)。服务端没有义务说明采用哪一种计数维度，因此需要对照实验。",{"type":25,"children":461},[462],{"text":463,"type":29},"若同时出现 403 或验证码，可结合[爬虫 403\u002F429\u002F验证码排查](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fblog\u002Fcrawler-403-429-captcha-proxy-ip-troubleshooting)分开记录，避免把不同错误合并成 429。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":465},[466],{"text":467,"type":29},"阶段 A：固定代理 IP，逐步降低请求频率",{"type":25,"children":469},[470],{"text":471,"type":29},"保持账号、代理 IP、URL、Header、Cookie 和请求参数不变，按阶梯降低并发和请求频率。每一档使用相同样本量与观察时间，不要在中途换出口。",{"type":25,"children":473},[474],{"text":475,"type":29},"示例记录表：",{"type":37,"children":477},[478],{"text":479,"type":29},"| 组别 | 并发 | 请求间隔 | 请求数 | 429 数 | 成功数 | 结论 |\n| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |\n| A1 | 当前值 | 当前值 | 同样本量 | 记录 | 记录 | 基线 |\n| A2 | 降低一档 | 延长一档 | 同样本量 | 记录 | 记录 | 与 A1 比较 |\n| A3 | 再降低一档 | 再延长一档 | 同样本量 | 记录 | 记录 | 验证趋势是否重复 |",{"type":25,"children":481},[482],{"text":483,"type":29},"若降频后 429 在连续时间窗口内都明显下降，而出口未变，主要矛盾更可能是频率、账号或接口配额。若响应带 `Retry-After`，等待时间应优先遵守服务端提示。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":485},[486],{"text":487,"type":29},"阶段 B：保持低频基线，仅更换代理 IP",{"type":25,"children":489},[490],{"text":491,"type":29},"保持阶段 A 得到的低频基线，固定账号、URL、Header、Cookie、参数、并发和间隔，只替换同地区代理 IP。",{"type":37,"children":493},[494],{"text":495,"type":29},"| 结果模式 | 更可能的原因 | 下一步 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 所有出口在同一时段都 429 | 账号、接口或全站限流 | 暂停并检查配额\u002F服务端提示 |\n| 同一账号跨多个出口都 429 | 账号或 API 密钥配额 | 换 IP 通常无效 |\n| 少数出口跨账号重复 429 | 出口复用或质量问题 | 隔离出口并扩大同地区样本 |\n| 更换出口短暂恢复，随后再次 429 | 频率策略仍不合适 | 回到阶段 A，降低总体负载 |\n| 429 响应实际是验证页面 | 状态分类错误 | 单独记录验证码\u002F挑战，不当作普通 429 |",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":497},[498],{"text":499,"type":29},"429 的重试与停止规则",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":501},[502],{"text":503,"type":29},"429 响应的基础退避代码",{"type":25,"children":505},[506],{"text":507,"type":29},"```python\nimport random\nimport time",{"type":25,"children":509},[510],{"text":511,"type":29},"def wait_before_retry(response, attempt):\nretry_after = response.headers.get(\"Retry-After\")\nif retry_after and retry_after.isdigit():\nwait = float(retry_after)\nelse:\nwait = min(2 ** attempt, 60)\ntime.sleep(wait + random.uniform(0, 0.5))\n```",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":513},[514],{"text":515,"type":29},"生产环境如何设置重试上限与共享限流",{"type":25,"children":517},[518],{"text":519,"type":29},"生产实现还应支持 HTTP 日期格式的 `Retry-After`，并设置：",{"type":25,"children":521},[522],{"text":523,"type":29},"1. 最大重试次数；\n2. 单任务总时限；\n3. 同账号或接口的共享限流器；\n4. 连续 429 后的暂停和报警；\n5. 重试队列的容量上限。",{"type":25,"children":525},[526],{"text":527,"type":29},"不要让多个工作进程各自判断后立即重试，否则总体流量仍可能超过限制。账号或 API 密钥维度的限流，应在所有工作进程之间共享状态。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":529},[530],{"text":531,"type":29},"把 403、429、验证码和空结果分开",{"type":37,"children":533},[534],{"text":535,"type":29},"| 结果 | 主要含义 | 是否按 429 重试 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 429 | 请求过多或配额限制 | 按服务端提示有限重试 |\n| 403 | 权限、账号、地区或访问策略 | 不直接套用 429 退避 |\n| 验证码\u002F挑战页 | 环境、会话或请求行为变化 | 暂停并单独诊断 |\n| HTTP 200 但空结果 | 业务无数据或解析问题 | 不应计为请求成功或 429 |\n| 5xx | 临时服务端错误 | 可有限重试，单独统计 |",{"type":25,"children":537},[538],{"text":539,"type":29},"把所有失败合并为一个错误率，会导致错误扩容代理 IP 池或错误提高重试次数。",{"type":25,"children":541},[542],{"text":543,"type":29},"建议把每个实验窗口固定为相同请求数，例如每组 100 次，并记录窗口开始和结束时间。只有在多个窗口都出现同样趋势时，才把“降频有效”或“少数出口异常”当作可复用结论。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":545},[546],{"text":547,"type":29},"评估代理 IP 池容量的方法",{"type":25,"children":549},[550],{"text":551,"type":29},"评估代理 IP 池容量时，应使用单个代理 IP 的安全承载量、基线成功率、冷却占比和重试放大，而不是用“总请求量÷IP 数”直接估算。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":553},[554],{"text":555,"type":29},"用脱敏复测数据区分频率限制与代理池因素",{"type":25,"children":557},[558],{"text":559,"type":29},"以下为脱敏记录示例（接口、账号和 IP 已隐去，数字为示例、非 SLA）：同一账号与单一出口、并发 5 时 50 次请求出现 429 12 次；降至并发 1、间隔 8 秒后为 2 次；保持低频改用 5 个出口仍为 2 次。该对照更支持频率因素，不能据此断言代理池无问题。",{"type":25,"children":561},[562],{"text":563,"type":29},"429 状态码与 `Retry-After` 可核对 [RFC 6585](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rfc-editor.org\u002Frfc\u002Frfc6585.html)，HTTP 语义可核对 [RFC 9110](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rfc-editor.org\u002Frfc\u002Frfc9110.html)；并发、间隔和样本量属于经验设计。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":565},[566],{"text":164,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":21,"children":568},[569],{"text":570,"type":29},"429 和 403 是同一种问题吗？",{"type":25,"children":572},[573],{"text":574,"type":29},"不是。429 主要表示请求过多或配额限制；403 还可能涉及权限、账号、地区或访问策略。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":576},[577],{"text":578,"type":29},"没有 Retry-After 怎么办？",{"type":25,"children":580},[581],{"text":582,"type":29},"采用指数退避和随机抖动，并设置最大次数与任务总时限。仍持续 429 时暂停任务。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":584},[585],{"text":586,"type":29},"账号配额会导致 429 吗？",{"type":25,"children":588},[589],{"text":590,"type":29},"会。若限制绑定账号或 API 密钥，更换代理 IP 通常不会解除配额限制。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":592},[593],{"text":594,"type":29},"单次 429 能判断代理 IP 池质量吗？",{"type":25,"children":596},[597],{"text":598,"type":29},"不能。至少要完成降频实验，并在低频基线下比较多个同地区出口和时间窗口。",{"type":25,"children":600},[601],{"text":200,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":603},[604],{"text":605,"type":29},"确认问题确实集中在出口后，再按任务规模评估[动态住宅代理 IP](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fproduct\u002Fdynamic-residential)。",{"source":6,"id":607,"documentId":608,"translationKey":608,"locale":9,"slug":609,"path":610,"_path":610,"title":611,"description":612,"excerpt":612,"image":613,"publishedAt":614,"updatedAt":615,"author":17,"tags":616,"featured":19,"sortOrder":20,"readingTime":21,"bodyType":22,"bodyBlocks":617,"bodyHtml":205},2483,"p940djzj71fql92iswg7jyyg","market-intelligence-country-city-proxy-ip","\u002Fblog\u002Fmarket-intelligence-country-city-proxy-ip","市场情报采集如何选择国家和城市代理 IP？","市场情报采集应先按研究问题筛选国家，再确认目标站是否存在城市差异，并用分层抽样、地区交叉验证和失败分类校验代理 IP 结果。","https:\u002F\u002Fcms.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fuploads\u002Flarge_cover_c830f3842a.webp","2026-09-03T03:45:59.382Z","2026-09-03T03:45:59.369Z",[],[618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646,650,654,658,662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,724,728,732,736,740,744,748,752,756,760,764,768,772,776,780,784,788,792,796,799,803,807,811,815,819,823,827,831,834],{"type":25,"children":619},[620],{"text":621,"type":29},"市场情报采集应先按业务问题选择国家，再决定是否下钻到城市。只有目标站会因城市改变价格、库存、配送、广告、搜索结果或门店信息时，城市层级代理 IP 才有额外价值；如果研究问题只比较国家语言、货币或国家层级页面，先做国家层级采样更节省资源，也更容易解释结果。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":623},[624],{"text":625,"type":29},"先明确要用采集验证哪些市场差异",{"type":25,"children":627},[628],{"text":629,"type":29},"不要先看代理 IP 库存再决定市场。先明确要验证什么：",{"type":37,"children":631},[632],{"text":633,"type":29},"| 研究问题 | 国家层级是否通常足够 | 何时需要城市层级 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 页面语言、货币、国家站重定向 | 通常足够 | 同一国家不同城市返回不同站点时 |\n| 商品价格和促销 | 先做国家层级 | 城市、邮编或门店影响价格时 |\n| 库存、配送时效、门店信息 | 往往不够 | 结果依赖城市、邮编或配送地址时 |\n| 本地搜索与广告展示 | 先做国家基线 | 目标结果明显按城市变化时 |\n| 竞争品牌覆盖 | 取决于研究范围 | 需要比较核心城市与非核心城市时 |",{"type":25,"children":635},[636],{"text":637,"type":29},"每个问题都要定义“页面出现什么差异才算有效”，例如货币变化、配送日期变化、门店列表变化或搜索结果排序变化。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":639},[640],{"text":641,"type":29},"按市场价值和研究目标筛选国家",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":643},[644],{"text":645,"type":29},"先按业务价值划分市场层级",{"type":25,"children":647},[648],{"text":649,"type":29},"可以把候选国家分为四类：",{"type":25,"children":651},[652],{"text":653,"type":29},"1. **核心市场**：当前收入、客户或业务量较高，需要持续监测。\n2. **增长市场**：业务增长较快或准备投入，需要增加采样。\n3. **竞争对照市场**：用于比较竞争强度、价格或产品策略。\n4. **基准市场**：作为长期不变的参照组，帮助识别全站变化。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":655},[656],{"text":657,"type":29},"用评分模型确定采样优先级",{"type":25,"children":659},[660],{"text":661,"type":29},"如果国家很多，可用评分表排序。下面权重仅为方法示例，企业应按自己的研究目标调整：",{"type":37,"children":663},[664],{"text":665,"type":29},"| 维度 | 示例权重 | 评分依据 |\n| --- | ---: | --- |\n| 当前业务价值 | 35% | 收入、客户量或业务优先级 |\n| 增长潜力 | 25% | 增长趋势与市场计划 |\n| 竞争变化速度 | 20% | 价格、广告和新品变化频率 |\n| 语言\u002F货币\u002F规则差异 | 10% | 是否能代表独立市场环境 |\n| 数据可获得性 | 10% | 页面稳定性、公开程度和合规条件 |",{"type":25,"children":667},[668],{"text":669,"type":29},"先统一各维度的评分范围，例如都使用 1–5 分，再按下式计算：",{"type":25,"children":671},[672],{"text":673,"type":29},"```text\n国家优先级得分 = 各维度评分 × 对应权重后求和\n```",{"type":25,"children":675},[676],{"text":677,"type":29},"缺失数据应标记为待核实，不要直接按 0 分处理，以免把“没有数据”误判为“没有价值”。",{"type":25,"children":679},[680],{"text":681,"type":29},"总分只用于排优先级，不代表代理 IP 质量，也不代表该市场一定值得长期投入。最终还要确认目标国家资源、地区识别和目标站可访问性。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":683},[684],{"text":685,"type":29},"用小样本判断是否需要细分到城市",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":687},[688],{"text":689,"type":29},"设计国家与城市层级的对照样本",{"type":25,"children":691},[692],{"text":693,"type":29},"该对照的目的不是证明某个城市一定更优，而是判断城市差异在控制其他变量后是否仍然存在。",{"type":25,"children":695},[696],{"text":697,"type":29},"每个入选国家先选择一个核心城市和一个非核心城市，在同一时间窗口测试同一页面。保持浏览器版本、语言、Cookie、账号状态和请求参数一致，只改变城市出口。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":699},[700],{"text":701,"type":29},"确定扩大城市采样的判定阈值",{"type":25,"children":703},[704],{"text":705,"type":29},"若连续多个样本在以下字段出现稳定差异，才扩大城市覆盖：",{"type":300,"format":301,"children":707},[708,712,716,720],{"type":304,"children":709},[710],{"text":711,"type":29},"商品价格、库存或配送时效；",{"type":304,"children":713},[714],{"text":715,"type":29},"搜索结果、广告或本地商家列表；",{"type":304,"children":717},[718],{"text":719,"type":29},"页面语言、货币、重定向或地区提示；",{"type":304,"children":721},[722],{"text":723,"type":29},"门店、服务范围或本地内容模块。",{"type":25,"children":725},[726],{"text":727,"type":29},"判定时至少覆盖多个时间窗口，并重复比较两个以上核心城市与非核心城市样本。差异要在同一业务字段上重复出现；单次价格跳变、缓存变化、验证码或网络失败不能作为城市差异证据。",{"type":25,"children":729},[730],{"text":731,"type":29},"达到上述条件后再扩大城市数量；如果城市之间没有稳定差异，继续国家层级采样即可。城市粒度不是越细越好，过度下钻会增加样本量、成本和归因难度。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":733},[734],{"text":735,"type":29},"按国家与城市层级设计分层样本",{"type":25,"children":737},[738],{"text":739,"type":29},"一个可执行的起始结构是：",{"type":37,"children":741},[742],{"text":743,"type":29},"| 层级 | 样本角色 | 用途 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 每国核心城市 | 业务与人口集中地区 | 观察主流市场表现 |\n| 每国非核心城市 | 与核心城市形成对照 | 判断差异是否只集中在大城市 |\n| 基准国家\u002F城市 | 长期保持不变 | 识别站点全局变化 |\n| 重复时间窗口 | 工作日\u002F周末或业务高低峰 | 排除短时促销与缓存影响 |",{"type":25,"children":745},[746],{"text":747,"type":29},"先用小样本确认差异，再增加城市和时间窗口。不要一开始同时扩大国家、城市、页面和账号数量，否则数据异常时很难定位原因。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":749},[750],{"text":751,"type":29},"用页面信号交叉验证代理 IP 的国家和城市",{"type":25,"children":753},[754],{"text":755,"type":29},"先用 IP 检测页记录出口国家和城市，再与目标站页面语言、货币、重定向、配送地区或本地内容交叉验证。不同地理位置数据库可能给同一 IP 标注不同城市，因此“检测库城市不一致”不能直接判为代理 IP 错误。",{"type":25,"children":757},[758],{"text":759,"type":29},"建议记录三个层次：",{"type":25,"children":761},[762],{"text":763,"type":29},"1. 代理 IP 检测库显示的国家和城市；\n2. 目标站实际识别或展示的地区；\n3. 业务结果是否符合研究预期。",{"type":25,"children":765},[766],{"text":767,"type":29},"如果国家一致、城市有差异，应再换一个同城市代理 IP 复测；如果目标站明确跳转到错误国家，再联系服务方核实或更换代理 IP。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":769},[770],{"text":771,"type":29},"按失败类型分别统计并处理",{"type":37,"children":773},[774],{"text":775,"type":29},"| 结果 | 是否计入业务差异 | 处理方式 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 页面正常但无相关内容 | 可以单独统计 | 标记“无结果”，不等同网络失败 |\n| 验证码或挑战页 | 不计为有效业务结果 | 记录频率、Cookie、账号和出口 |\n| 连接超时或 5xx | 不计为有效业务结果 | 有限重试，保留耗时和错误 |\n| 账号\u002F权限提示 | 不计为地区差异 | 先处理账号或平台规则 |\n| 地区与购买国家不符 | 暂不计入 | 同地区换代理 IP 复测并记录 |",{"type":25,"children":777},[778],{"text":779,"type":29},"公开数据采样也应遵守目标站条款、访问频率、robots 或官方接口要求。代理 IP 只改变网络出口，不能改变访问权限。",{"type":25,"children":781},[782],{"text":783,"type":29},"在样本表中建议同时保留“购买国家、检测库国家、目标站展示国家、城市字段和业务结果”五列。地区不一致时先定位是哪一列发生偏差，再决定重测代理 IP 还是修正研究条件。",{"type":25,"children":785},[786],{"text":787,"type":29},"涉及采集责任边界时，可进一步查看[相关采集合规说明](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fblog\u002Fproxy-ip-risk-boundary-account-ads-kyc-scraping)。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":789},[790],{"text":791,"type":29},"国家或城市代理 IP 资源不足时的替代方案",{"type":25,"children":793},[794],{"text":795,"type":29},"城市层级资源不足时，先退回国家层级采样或减少城市数量，不要用不确定的城市标注填补样本。国家、城市覆盖与识别结果应以当前后台、购买页或客户经理确认为准，不能把历史库存当成长期承诺。",{"type":31,"level":32,"children":797},[798],{"text":164,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":21,"children":800},[801],{"text":802,"type":29},"城市层级定位一定比国家层级更好吗？",{"type":25,"children":804},[805],{"text":806,"type":29},"不一定。只有研究对象在城市层面产生可验证差异时，城市级采样才值得增加成本。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":808},[809],{"text":810,"type":29},"城市显示不一致就是代理 IP 错了吗？",{"type":25,"children":812},[813],{"text":814,"type":29},"不一定。先比较多个检测库和目标站实际展示，再使用同城市其他代理 IP 复测。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":816},[817],{"text":818,"type":29},"样本应优先覆盖哪些市场？",{"type":25,"children":820},[821],{"text":822,"type":29},"先覆盖核心市场和增长市场，再加入竞争对照市场与一个长期基准市场。",{"type":31,"level":21,"children":824},[825],{"text":826,"type":29},"无结果可以直接记为采集失败吗？",{"type":25,"children":828},[829],{"text":830,"type":29},"不建议。无内容、验证码、网络失败和账号限制应分开统计，否则成功率和市场结论都会失真。",{"type":25,"children":832},[833],{"text":200,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":835},[836],{"text":837,"type":29},"完成小样本地区验证后，可按当前国家和城市需求评估[动态住宅代理 IP](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quanqiudaili.com\u002Fproduct\u002Fdynamic-residential)。",[839],{"source":6,"id":7,"documentId":8,"translationKey":8,"locale":9,"slug":10,"path":11,"_path":11,"title":12,"description":13,"excerpt":13,"image":14,"publishedAt":15,"updatedAt":16,"author":17,"tags":840,"featured":19,"sortOrder":20,"readingTime":21,"bodyType":22,"bodyBlocks":841,"bodyHtml":205},[],[842,845,848,851,854,857,860,863,866,869,872,875,878,881,884,887,890,893,896,899,902,905,908,911,914,917,920,923,926,929,932,935,938,941,944,947,950,953,956,959,962,965,968,971],{"type":25,"children":843},[844],{"text":28,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":846},[847],{"text":35,"type":29},{"type":37,"children":849},[850],{"text":40,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":852},[853],{"text":44,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":855},[856],{"text":48,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":858},[859],{"text":52,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":861},[862],{"text":56,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":864},[865],{"text":60,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":867},[868],{"text":64,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":870},[871],{"text":68,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":873},[874],{"text":72,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":876},[877],{"text":76,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":879},[880],{"text":80,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":882},[883],{"text":84,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":885},[886],{"text":88,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":888},[889],{"text":92,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":891},[892],{"text":96,"type":29},{"type":37,"children":894},[895],{"text":100,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":897},[898],{"text":104,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":900},[901],{"text":108,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":903},[904],{"text":112,"type":29},{"type":37,"children":906},[907],{"text":116,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":909},[910],{"text":120,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":912},[913],{"text":124,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":915},[916],{"text":128,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":918},[919],{"text":132,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":921},[922],{"text":136,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":924},[925],{"text":140,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":927},[928],{"text":144,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":930},[931],{"text":148,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":933},[934],{"text":152,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":936},[937],{"text":156,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":939},[940],{"text":160,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":32,"children":942},[943],{"text":164,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":21,"children":945},[946],{"text":168,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":948},[949],{"text":172,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":21,"children":951},[952],{"text":176,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":954},[955],{"text":180,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":21,"children":957},[958],{"text":184,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":960},[961],{"text":188,"type":29},{"type":31,"level":21,"children":963},[964],{"text":192,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":966},[967],{"text":196,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":969},[970],{"text":200,"type":29},{"type":25,"children":972},[973],{"text":204,"type":29},null,[],[]]